3 Key Ethical Considerations in Psychological Research

3 Key Ethical Considerations in Psychological Research More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Earlier in psychology history, many experiments were performed with highly questionable and even outrageous violations of ethical considerations. Milgrams infamous obedience experiment, for example, involved deceiving human subjects into believing that they were delivering painful, possibly even life-threatening, electrical shocks to another person. These controversial psychology experiments played a major role in the development of the ethical guidelines and regulations that psychologists must abide by today. When performing studies or experiments that involve human participants, psychologists must submit their proposal to an institutional review board (IRB) for approval. ?These committees help ensure that experiments conform to ethical and legal guidelines. Ethical codes, such as those established by the American Psychological Association, are designed to protect the safety and best interests of those who participate in psychological research. Such guidelines also protect the reputations of psychologists, the field of psychology itself and the institutions that sponsor psychology research. Ethical Guidelines for Research With Human Subjects When determining ethical guidelines for research, most experts agree that the cost of conducting the experiment must be weighed against the potential benefit to society the research may provide. While there is still a great deal of debate about ethical guidelines, there are some key components that should be followed when conducting any type of research with human subjects. Participation Must Be Voluntary All ethical research must be conducted using willing participants. Study volunteers should not feel coerced, threatened or bribed into participation. This becomes especially important for researchers working at universities or prisons, where students and inmates are often encouraged to participate in experiments. Researchers Must Obtain Informed Consent Informed consent is a procedure in which all study participants are told about procedures and informed of any potential risks. Consent should be documented in written form. Informed consent ensures that participants know enough about the experiment to make an informed decision about whether or not they want to participate. Obviously, this can present problems in cases where telling the participants the necessary details about the experiment might unduly influence their responses or behaviors in the study. The use of deception in psychology research is allowed in certain instances, but only if the study would be impossible to conduct without the use of deception, if the research will provide some sort of valuable insight and if the subjects will be debriefed and informed about the studys true purpose after the data has been collected. Researchers Must Maintain Participant Confidentiality Confidentiality is an essential part of any ethical psychology research. Participants need to be guaranteed that identifying information and individual responses will not be shared with anyone who is not involved in the study. While these guidelines provide some ethical standards for research, each study is different and may present unique challenges. Because of this, most colleges and universities have a Human Subjects Committee or Institutional Review Board that oversees and grants approval for any research conducted by faculty members or students. These committees provide an important safeguard to ensure academic research is ethical and does not pose a risk to study participants.

Construction Site Techniques Business Research Paper - 275 Words

Benefit of Integrating the Sustainable Site Techniques in Current Construction Projects (Essay Sample) Content: Construction Site TechniquesName {}Institution {}Cost/Benefit of Integrating the Sustainable Site Techniques in Current Construction ProjectsThe integration of sustainable site techniques in construction creates the sustainability of building and construction in the environment. It helps in lowering the operational costs during the life of the building and serves a long-term business purpose through the creation of a habitable and conducive workspace for the employees. The establishment and implementation of sustainable site techniques helps in conserving water and energy, in addition to increasing employee productivity. The implementation of Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED) techniques allows for effective implementation of sustainable design and development for sustainable construction. However, the sustainable construction techniques may seem quite expensive to implement, though they cater for future operation costs and are hence viable for use i n the long-term (Spence and Kultermann, 2011).Some of the sustainable construction techniques include proper site selection, the installation of water and energy efficient appliances, low-emission carpets, low volatile organic compounds paint, formaldehyde plywood, the availability of storage for recyclables, recycling of construction materials, appropriate aeration, and controlled waste emission into the environment. The implementation of these techniques ensures a smooth project lifecycle, that is, design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction. Furthermore, site construction techniques help in the ensuring reduced pollution of air and water for the surrounding community and reduced emission of waste into the environment. These techniques also help in safegu...

The Drug Approval Of The Disease Essay - 2495 Words

There are over 7,000 rare diseases affecting between 25 and 30 million Americans (Global Genes 2016). A disease or disorder is defined as rare in the U.S when it affects fewer than 200,000 Americans at any given time (Eurordis 2016). Some of these rare diseases come with even more rare and controversial decisions. â€Å"The FDA just made its most controversial drug approval of the year† (Fortune 2016). This injectable drug is called eteplirsen by Sarepta Therapeutics and it is an exon-skipping drug targeting a section of genetic code called â€Å"exon 51† in the dystrophin gene. Exon skipping is a type of strategy that is being developed for the rare disease DMD (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy). The exon-skipping process skips sections of genetic codes during protein manufacturing, allowing cells to create shortened but partially functional dystrophin protein which is the muscle protein that is missing in DMD. This rare X-linked disease was first described in the 1850†™s by French neurologists Guillaume Duchenne but was not known to inhibit the production of protein dystrophin and result in the loss of motor functions and muscular degeneration until the 1980’s (MDA 2016). 1 in 3600-6000 live male births has resulted in DMD (Bushby 2010). Most patients are diagnosed around 5 years of age when their physical abilities are no longer similar to their peers (Bushby 2010). If left untreated, signs of deterioration in muscle strength increase, the chance of using a wheelchair before their teensShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A New Drug1167 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a new cancer drug to go from concept to market it must first go through the following FDA approval process to get there. This process can take up to 12 years and cost a drug manufacturer well over 350 million dollars.2 The steps are Preclinical research, the Investigational New Drug (IND) application, Phase I Trials, Phase II Trials, Phase III Trials, the New Drug Application (NDA), Ap proval, and Phase IV Clinical Trials.1 The FDA regulates this process to ensure that drugs are safe and effectiveRead MoreWhy Usa Based Abc Company864 Words   |  4 Pagesthem before conducting clinical trial for the rare disease and follow ICH E5 guidance to provide references for regulatory and development strategies to authorize clinical data gathered in one region to be used for the evidence of product registrations in another region following the effect of ethnic factors (FDA, 1998).The regulatory attentions for planning a multinational pivotal phase III clinical trial for drug used for rare disease (Orphan drug by the FDA) which is touching less than 200,000 USRead MoreThe Medicine Of The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdeaths from diseases lower. About 253 people die per minute, 6,322 people die per hour, about 151,729 people die every day and a total of approximately 372,000,000 people per year. Not all of this death are due to different diseases bu t the 60% of the death is because of it and because there is no appropriate medicine to cure it. Every year a lot of medicines are discovered by the pharmaceuticals but it is not enough to reduce those large numbers. Before, the discovery of the drugs was a casualtyRead MoreA Research Study On Biotechnology Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence that biotechnology carriages additional risk, but there are uncertainties that concern the public. Biotechnology product put the same risk on subjects as the airplane put on travellers. The cost of new biologic product development through the approval is approximately $2.6 Billion, means $2600 million plus the cost of post-marketing surveillance is $312 million, which is many times higher than one Airbus A380-800 that cost $428 million. The regulatory program may differ for different field ofRead MoreOrphan Drug Market Development And Manufacturing Of Products1622 Words   |  7 Pagesof rare diseases. The Allston Landing Facility (ALF) currently produces a single enzyme replacement therapy which treats patients with Type 1 Gaucher disease. This treatment falls within the classification of an Orphan drug which is a drug or biologic that treats a patient population of less than 200,000 within the United States. There is an entire segment of the pharmaceutical industry comprised of companies that develop and manufacture treatments for rare diseases. The Orphan Drug market hasRead MoreA Research Study On Biotechnology Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology users. There is no evidence that biotechnology carriages additional risk, but there are uncertainties that concern the public. We put same risk on subjects as the pilot put on his passengers. The cost of new biologic development to the approval is approximat ely $2.6 Billion, means $2600 million plus the cost of post-marketing surveillance is $312 million, which is many times higher than one Airbus A380-800 that cost $428 million. The regulatory program may differ for different field ofRead MoreFda Approval Process Of Drugs Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesJoston Toney Nicole Thompson English 2010 Online 03 December 2016 The FDA Approval Process of Drugs When I was a kid, I always wondered why it took so long for an ill person to become well again. I always thought that if the ill person went to the doctor they would be back to normal the next day, but that’s not the case. For some people it took several days, weeks, months, and even years to conquer an illness but as a child I never could understand that. I don’t know how many times I’ve asked myRead MoreVaccines Are Safe And Safe Today1231 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world today, we are exposed to all kinds of germs and disease, these germs and disease can cause all kind of harm on to humans. Throughout history there has been epidemic of deadly viruses all around the world. As a species, we have developed a way to prevent disease and viruses though vaccines or immunizations. The Idea of Vaccine have bee a major challenged to public health over the last century. But like any type of medication, there are going to be both pros and cons. Recently there hasRead Mo reDrug And Drug Testing In The Roles Of The New Drugs831 Words   |  4 Pagesbroad review in order to get the approval process by the Unites States Food and Drug Administration before any drugs can be prescribed to any of it patients. By the end of the year 2016, according to the 3.2 billion drugs were ordered from many physician practice for there patients (CDC, 2016). Many of these good and some are harmful drugs have bombarded numerous of pill bottles. Currently, the drugs supposed to go through a process of development, and next approval before being introduce/marketingRead MoreThreat Of New Entrants : Low848 Words   |  4 Pagesfunding coming from heavy expenditures in RD, along with the risk of little to no returns or even heavy losses if the drug fails to reach the market. Regulatory environment partly contributes to the barrier as the new drug approval process can be time-consuming with relatively 89% of failure to pass through. The second barrier is specialization. Companies with knowledge in obscure diseases will enjoy low threat of new entrant for there are few experts in the field. Power of Suppliers: Low Biotech companies’

Response To A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay...

Desperate times often call for desperate measures, and proposals of desperate measures are often met with swift criticism if they are found to be without rational thought and merit. It is unlikely that anyone in their right mind would consider, for any amount of time, the proposal of rearing children, or properly raising them, as food to help alleviate poverty-stricken Ireland in 1729. Yet, Jonathan Swift’s suggestion was satirical brilliance, and it was a modest proposal for illuminating the cause of Ireland’s woes. The proposal was not actually eating children but placing a mirror for the reader to reflect upon. The target audience of landlords, gentlemen, and other people of stature were more than accustomed to stepping on the poor on†¦show more content†¦In extreme circumstances, it is frowned upon, but in lesser degrees, it is accepted as part of the cost of doing business. Profit margins are continuously rewarded, while countries that have abysmal human r ight records are producing goods for countries that ban such practices. Just recently, a company that produces touch screens for electronic devices, which are made for a company that uses a logo not comparable to an orange, was punished for using a banned chemical to clean the products. Nearly a month later, the company is still using it and as a result, one employee has died from exposure and others have shown adverse effects. Turning the clock back nearly 300 years, we find similar circumstances for Ireland, having tariffs placed on products sold to England. Higher costs mean lower margins and less importance placed on the conditions in which the products are made to help the profit margin. The desperate have to keep their jobs to pay exorbitant rent to absentee landlords, and greedy rulers. So what’s new? Why can we not seem to break this cycle? Swift’s proposal attempted to do so with the same logic and motivation that he considered to be the cause of the melanchol y that could be observed traveling through Ireland. He aims his observations and remarks as sympathetic for the people, but more importantly empathetic because, as a prosperous traveler, one does not want to see such things whileShow MoreRelatedHardship in Ireland in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift850 Words   |  4 Pages In Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written in 1729, he writes of the hardships faced by the lower class and proposes a solution to help it out. Living in Ireland, Swift witnessed many hardships suffered among the poor, such as stealing and begging. However, not too far away, the British royalty was living a lavish lifestyle, and by doing so, it was sucking the life out of the poor. Jonathan Swift saw this enormous unbalance of wealth and wanted to do something about it. Therefore, in his articleRead MoreThe Satirical Nature of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay example662 Words   |  3 Pages A Modest Proposal The satirical essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written and published in in 1729 by an Anglo- Irish man named Jonathan Swift, in response to the worsening conditions of Ireland, was one of his most controversial and severe writings of his time. The narrator in Swift’s essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† argues for a drastic and radical end to poverty in Ireland. Swift’s proposal suggests that the needy, poor people of Ireland can ease their troubles simply by selling their children as food toRead More Self Representation and the Self-Defeating Speaker in Jonathan Swift1735 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Swift constructs a speaker who is meant to be seen as himself in â€Å"Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D.†, his approach to the satire changes, taking on a more playful approach. The poem is more personal than political, and is more comedic in the sense that he satirizing himself as well as other people groups. The self-defeating rhetorical approach is embodied in this poem in the way that he puts himself down and exposes his own follies throughout the poem. While this is no doubt somewhatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s The Revolutionary War 1583 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Rice Schmidt – 1 Research Paper 23 September 2014 Jonathan Swift The Revolutionary War is one, if not the most memorable time of American history. It is what started the beginning of the land of the free. The colonization and tyranny of England was not just felt in the thirteen colonies that became America but also in places such as Ireland. Authors such as Jonathan Swift not only acted as literary geniuses but as a way for modern day historians to see the effects of colonization and the hardshipsRead MoreA Modest Proposal For Preventing The Children Of Poor People1458 Words   |  6 Pagesfor utilizing satire in his works of literature is Jonathan Swift, whose hard-hitting essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland, from Being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick† is one of the most popular and analyzed texts within the world of satire, and truly makes one think about the art. One article that explores Swift’s use of satire within â€Å"A Modes t Proposal† is Paddy Bullord’s â€Å"The Scriblerian Mock-Arts† ThisRead MoreA Modest Proposal: Jonathan Swifts Political Statement About Conditions of Life in 17291077 Words   |  5 Pages A Modest Proposal† a Political Statement Mouth-watering, scrumptious, and delicious are a few words that come to mind when you think of Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† His satire on the conditions of life in 1729 was to draw its readers to serious discussion on the distressing matters that plagued their society. His extreme and sarcastic response to the treatment of the ever-growing poor population of Irish families, by the rich English landowners, was to bring to light a matter that theyRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift813 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift, author of the satirical piece â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† organized an outrageous proposal to the people of Ireland. In this pamphlet, Swift offered his personal views on how to overcome Ireland’s issue of overpopulation and poverty. By raising nationwide attention, Swift plan to shock the readers by emphasizing the idea of cannibalism as a way to deal with Ireland’s problems. Swift’s technique of audience , tone, and pathos help determine the advantages and disadvantages of â€Å"A Model Proposal†Read MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal was written in the year 1729 by the famous satirist Jonathan Swift. In his work he outlines the pros of eating unwanted children of Ireland for economical benefits in a time of great poverty. While the reader can obviously discard the idea of eating children, in his proposal, in a roundabout way, Swift speaks to hard pressing issues of the time. The state of Ireland is well described by Swift in this piece. He speaks of woman who â€Å"instead of being able to work for their honestRead MoreA Modest Proposal On Satire1239 Words   |  5 Pagestheme, antagonistically; distortion is utilized to bring down the effect of an issue to its lesser quality. Aggregately, these procedures are practiced to draw out the human follies and vices in society. In Molià ¨re s Tartuffe and Jonathan Swift s article A Modest Proposal, both diagonally condemn and criticize human conduct and the discernment we have towards others. Through a comedian conveyance, these creators offer an understanding past the apparently self-evident, and expect to enhance this flawedRead MoreSimilarities between Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail and Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1358 Words   |  6 Pages Even the most cursory analysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr. and A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift reveals gl aring differences between the two essays. Surprisingly, a side-by-side comparison also yields many similarities between the two works. The most obvious similarity between the two essays is the overarching theme of the subject matter. In both essays, the writers address deeply-entrenched social injustices. For example, in Letter From Birmingham Jail

Is Civilization the Answer to the Chaos - 1144 Words

As Mark Twain once said, â€Å"Civilization is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities.† The society believes that civilization is the solution to disorder and chaos, but sometimes it creates more problems than solutions. To the imperial Europeans, turning the natives into civilized human beings was the main goal, and that is why they felt as if it was their job to take over the natives’ lands. In general, civilization is seen as a solution to a utopian realm. William Shakespeare in The Tempest and Michel de Montaigne in Of Cannibals narrow their focus on the idea of â€Å"nature vs. civilization.† Both authors discuss the idea of how nature is replaced by civilization and the outcome is not as expected. Shakespeare portrays the idea of Caliban’s nature being wiped away by Prospero, who thinks his knowledge is the best weapon he has so he should be the one to control the island. Montaigne, on the other hand, discusses how the natives are better off by sticking to their nature than being civilized because the Western society does not realize that it is barbaric also. William Shakespeare, in The Tempest, writes about Prospero who has the ability to manipulate things by using magic. He and his daughter now live in this island with a slave named Caliban. Prospero has taken over the island and decided to control everything. He can manipulate everyone and everything. He thinks having a lot of knowledge makes him the leader of the island. Prospero’s hunger for power comesShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of An Illusion Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments as to why God is merely a concept created by humans to answer frustrating questions about life in a satisfying way, and the work seems to be sound in its entirety. However, there is an important weakness in Freud’s reasoning in that if God is meant to create order in the universe, why does the thought of Him create conflict, fear, and contradiction? Furthermore, though his psychoanalytic explanation provides fascinating answers to why people believe in God, it cannot demonstrate that God d efinitelyRead MoreThomas Hobbes Philosophical Political Piece1317 Words   |  6 Pagessovereign, and that without it we are in a state of chaos, otherwise titled by Hobbes as the state of nature (Thomas Hobbes, 2002, p. 181). I will argue that it is not possible to acknowledge what life is like in the state of nature without fully acknowledging that life in the state of nature leads to an all-powerful sovereign that ultimately leads to the benefit of the people due to humanity s innate fear of death and desire for civilization. To elaborate, in humanity s most primal stateRead MoreFaith Og Humanity684 Words   |  3 Pageshumanity is trusting other people to do the right thing. Having faith in humanity is trusting yourself, as well as the rest of civilization to make something of this world. Having faith in humanity is putting eternity into the cradled arms of trillions of people whom very few you have ever met or will ever meet. To have faith in humanity is to believe somehow that the chaos of this universe will eventually be resolved by those ahead of us in the timeline of what we call the future. Gerda WeissmannRead MoreTechnology Is The Blame For The World Ending1467 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is accelerating so rapidly in the 21st century it will either steer civilization into a revolutionary futuristic era or send it into a post-apocalyptic armageddon. The distress and anxiety of the world ending influenced writers of the 1950’s who were surrounded by threats of nuclear weapon testing and radioactive fallout from the sky polluting the environment. These authors envisioned their perspective of what the world would be like after everything was destroyed, technology was goneRead MoreCivilization Vs Civilization777 Words   |  4 Pagesneed not worry about dangers he would be exposed to as a lone wolf. Civilization creates a place where all contribute to maintain unity and overcome their obstacles. The age old saying of â€Å" there is strength in numbers† rings true in this circumstance. Civilization was essentially born from mans core and most valued desire, to survive and thrive against all that would wish to cause him harm. Thus, in defense man created civilization with other man. No longer did the individual have to fend for himselfRead MoreLord of the FLies by William Golding682 Words   |  3 Pagesof the boys to share the task of hunting. Along the novel, the intellectual and vulnerable Piggy frequently recites his aunt, showing the only adult and female voice among the group. Numerous crisis between democracy, dictatorship, civilization and savagery causes chaos to their society. From the novel, Golding proves that ignorance to the potential of evil will subsequently have dire consequences for all. This is evident from the progressive examples whereupon Simon and Piggy die and where RalphRead MoreMesopotamian Literature : The Civilization1005 Words   |  5 P agesCivilization came a long way since what it first was. Human creativity was the root of the evolution of civilization. The basics of human survival in the Stone Age were creating fire, heat, clothing, and food from the surrounding resources of the lands. There were also many different cultural aspects among people in this age. In early Mesopotamia, the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians had a communal outlook on religion. Although their religious outlook was the same, they viewed the world in many differentRead MoreChaos Theory Portrayal in Heart of Darkness1101 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves as civilized human beings and the ease of abandoning their morality once they leave society. This inability has a close resemblance to the chaos theory. This is shown through the contrast of Kurtz as told by others and the actuality of him and through the progression of Marlows character throughout Heart of Darkness. Dictionary.com defines chaos theory as the phenomenon of unpredictable and complex dynamic systems that are highly sensitive to small changes in external conditions. In HeartRead MoreIn The Future Of An Illusion, Sigmund Freud Gives A Genealogical1541 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns of his interlocutor. In the last section, I will provide my evaluation of the problem of religion and discuss whether Freud’s optimism is justified. Lastly, it is important to point out that I will use the terms society, culture, and civilization interchangeably, as well as religion and religious illusion interchangeably. I will also use masculine terms such as man, men, mankind, for simplicity’s sake. I Freud’s genealogical account of the root of religion provides compelling evidenceRead MoreEssay on Perceptions in Matthew Arnolds Dover Beach1176 Words   |  5 Pagesregards between what is seen and what is real. Dover beach was written during Victorian era. Which brought civilization based on industry, value and money. This is the time which people start questioning the existence of God. The speaker observed the plight of Victorian era. And he sought an answer to the problems which he and world faced with. Arnold express the dejection of lost civilization, anticipate its future, and try to acquire its solution The speaker begins straightway with visual

Human Connection With The World - 1022 Words

Human Connection with the World The Nineteenth Century was a period of great economic, social and environmental change. During this period, great poets came forward to make people aware of the surrounding beauty of nature and make them aware of how they had affected the environment. William Wordsworth and Gerard Manley Hopkins were two of the poets during the Nineteenth century who were known for being leading nature poets in British literary history. The poem â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† by William Wordsworth written during the Romantic Era is very similar to the Victorian poem â€Å"God’s Grandeur† by Gerard Manley Hopkins. Thus, both poems could be compared as they have similar themes of society and nature. Wordsworth and Hopkins express†¦show more content†¦His poem is an overall statement on the state of humanity’s relationship with God—or lack of relationship. Hopkins tone seemed to be sorrowful about the separation from nature, but joyful about the potentia l for resolution. â€Å"The World is Too Much With Us† and â€Å"God’s Grandeur† both begin with the phrase â€Å"The World.† Both the poets Hopkins’s and Wordsworth’s places more importance on the term â€Å"world,† because that signifies to the mankind and its materialism. The mankind is occupied in this world with the material life and the duties, because of which both the poets do not seem to believe the world as simple where the humanity lives. Wordsworth starts his poem for getting the attention of the reader, â€Å"The world is too much with us; late and soon† (1), that points directly to the mankind. He discusses that being humans, we have spent our entire lives focusing on consumerism. The mankind failure to express his feeling towards nature as he is just worrying about the money throughout the life makes the poet annoyed. The Hopkins poem, â€Å"God’s Grandeur† seemed to be start by saying â€Å"The world is charged wi th the grandeur of God† that means the world is the entire of God’s Medium. God has made this beautiful nature, and the glory travels through the air, but the human being has lost the ability to realize. According

The Long-Suffering and Self-Pitying Odysseus Essay Free Essays

What would it take to do Odysseus. the celebrated warrior and the pride of all Greece. call uncontrollably? Surely. We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Suffering and Self-Pitying Odysseus Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now he must be put through some kind of utmost physical hurting that no other person could last or possibly he is even forced to watch the awful slaughtering of his companions. But more frequently than non. it is merely mere words and memories. driven on by self-pity. non atrociousnesss committed against his crew. that make Odysseus call. Alternatively of moving as a compassionate leader who grieves for his lost friends. Odysseus calls to indulge his ain sense of sorrow at his jobs. and uses this to derive attending from others. By analyzing Odysseus’ eruptions of heartache. it becomes obvious that his selfishness and pride are at the very bosom of the obstructions he has faced on his journey place. Odysseus calls to fulfill his feelings of solitariness and desperation at being so hated by the Gods. When we foremost encounter Odysseus. he is sitting entirely on Calypso’s island. â€Å"weeping. his eyes ne’er dry. his sweet life fluxing off / with the cryings he wept for his defeated journey home† ( 5. 168-169 ) . At this point. Odysseus has been a captive on Calypso’s island for seven old ages. and has an intelligibly forlorn mentality sing his journey place. However. Odysseus spends every dark on the island moving as a lover to the beautiful goddess. whom he even admits is far more lovely and alluring than the married woman he yearns to return to. Though he pines for Penelope. his Acts of the Apostless of changeless unfaithfulness show that his guilt is non plagued by his actions. He is described as being an â€Å"unwilling lover† ( 5. 172 ) . but there is no grounds to propose that Odysseus feels he is perpetrating a offense against his married woman. Alternatively. Odysseus is described as being â€Å"no longer pleased† ( 5. 170 ) by Calypso. which suggests that at one point Odysseus may hold been really satisfied with his state of affairs. until he became homesick once more. It is an admirable trait that Odysseus so longs to travel place. but his self- commiseration twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out is anything but admirable. He seems to be holding his bar and eating it excessively. After seven old ages. he is still wallowing in unhappiness. unable to see that his destiny of being alive and good ( and seduced every night ) is still a much more favourable result than what his crew encountered. His selfishness merely lets him see â€Å"how long I have suffered! † ( 7. 181 ) . Odysseus besides uses his cryings to pull strings others into sympathising with him. When Odysseus eventually gets off Calypso’s island. he is beset by still more jobs. He finally finds shelter with Alcinous. the male monarch of Phaeacia. As is the usage. he is the receiver of great cordial reception and is made to experience at place. even though his hosts have no thought who he is. However. one dark after banqueting. the bard Demodocus sings about the struggle between Odysseus and Achilles during the Trojan War. At this point. Odysseus becomes so overwrought and overcome with emotion that he â€Å"hid his face and wept† ( 8. 109 ) . The text besides says that he is â€Å"ashamed his hosts might see him casting tears† ( 8. 103 ) . but why is he shouting in the first topographic point? The bard is non even singing about all that Odysseus has suffered. and is merely mentioning to his statement with Achilles. which was a prophesied triumph mark. It is really possible that Odysseus is shouting because he wants to be found out. These people evidently adore the Odysseus they know through narratives. so wouldn’t they worship the flesh and blood version if they were of all time to run into him? Alternatively of merely stating. â€Å"I am Odysseus† . he alternatively waits. calls a 2nd clip until his heartache is publically noticed. leting people to experience regretful for him and inquire what would do him so much hurting. This gives Odysseus the perfect chance to state the atrocious narrative of his trip place. which he does. full of the problems that could hold been avoided had Odysseus restrained his pride and selfishness. The shame that Odysseus might experience at openly shouting in forepart of aliens is outweighed by the satisfaction he gets out of stating his narrative. because wretchedness does so love company. Odysseus’s pride besides prevents him from demoing regard towards his work forces. by non minding their advice and by non decently mourning their ill-timed deceases. At Alcinous’ tribunal. Odysseus recounts his experience with the Cyclops. The whole problem with this one eyed monster begins when Odysseus decides to linger in the Cyclops’s cave after eating his nutrient. to see â€Å"what gifts he would give† ( 9. 258 ) . Alternatively of welcoming the Achaeans. the monster decides to eat the work forces who had impolitely eaten his nutrient. In sudden daze and horror. Odysseus and his work forces â€Å"wept and cried aloud† ( 9. 331 ) . Finally. through a clever program by Odysseus. he and his work forces escape. but about decease once more because of his pride. Teasing back to the Cyclops. Odysseus reveals who he is. which allows the monster to about fall in their ships. and besides to publish a ailment to Poseidon that he should non allow Odysseus return place. Poseidon hears this. and as a consequence. Odysseus and his crew are from so on beset by job after job. Had Odysseus listened to his crew who begged him to go forth the cave before the Cyclops returned and besides to non boast his individuality to the monster. the work forces would hold made it safely place. Even after witnessing the cannibalism of some of his crew. Odysseus is merely â€Å"glad to get away our decease / yet sick at bosom for the companions we had lost† ( 9. 630 ) . He does non look to be excessively devastated by everything that has merely happened to him. expletive and all. Possibly it is because he is surrounded by others who portion the same destiny. and aren’t as willing to be every bit sympathetic as a group of aliens hearing the narrative from a legendary hero would be. Odysseus besides tells the narrative of the Laestrygonians. who eat a high figure of Odysseus’ crew. Once once more. Odysseus is â€Å"sick at heart† ( 10. 147 ) . but feels small else for his dead friends and does non cry at all for their memory. When his crew begins to mourn for those lost. Odysseus about seems fed up and says â€Å"They explosion into calls. howling. streaming unrecorded cryings / that gained us nil – what good can come of heartache? † ( 10. 221 ) . At this point it becomes really obvious that Odysseus merely deems it necessary to shout. when he is the one being wept for. He has no job shouting in forepart of aliens who are unwittingly praising him. he sees nil incorrect with shouting mundane for seven old ages because he is marooned with a beautiful goddess. yet there is something uneconomical about crying for work forces who were viciously killed and eaten. all because he felt the demand to state the Cyclops that he. the great Odysseu s. was the 1 who blinded him. While pride may hold been the ruin of Odysseus. without it he would ne’er hold reached the position of a hero. His pride and desire for glorification were a major drive force behind all his great schemes and war attempts. Without his strong self-esteem. Odysseus would hold alternatively been merely another expendable member of his crew. Yes. the selfishness of the crew is besides evident when they open the bag of air currents and blow the ship off class. but actions like these are to be expected from work forces who are of such low importance in the heroic poem that they are non even named. But from Odysseus. the reader should demand a higher degree of criterions. and expect him to move responsible for the work forces whose lives are entrusted into his attention. When Odysseus does non shout after his work forces are slaughtered and alternatively goes on with his work. it appears that he is merely moving as a strong leader. But when you consider other minutes when he is really weak and does shout openly. it is apparent to see that he merely weeps for those deserving crying for. And to Odysseus. the lone one worth casting a tear for is himself. Thesis: Alternatively of moving as a compassionate leader who grieves for his lost friends. Odysseus calls to indulge his ain sense of sorrow at his jobs. and uses this to derive attending from others. By analyzing Odysseus’ eruptions of heartache. it becomes obvious that his selfishness and pride are at the very bosom of the obstructions he has faced on his journey place. Subordinate Ideas: 1. Cries out of ego commiseration and solitariness 2. Cries to pull strings others 3. Does non esteem shipmates a. Does non listen to their advice and suffers the effects B. Does non decently mourn them when they die partially because of his actions 4. Pride and selfishness allow Odysseus to go a hero How to cite The Long-Suffering and Self-Pitying Odysseus Essay, Essay examples